鈥滅ぜ璧?0騫粹�濈郴鍒楁姤閬撲箣鍗佷笁 浠庤嚜鍔涙洿鐢熷埌涓浗鏅烘収
銆�
1961騫寸敱涓浗鑷璁捐銆佸埗閫犳垚鍔熺殑鍥藉唴鏈�澶х殑姘村帇鏈衡�斺�斾笂嫻烽噸鍨嬫満鍣ㄥ巶12000鍚ㄨ嚜鐢遍敾閫犳按鍘嬫満銆傛柊鍗庣ぞ璁拌�?寮犲鉤 鎽?/span>
琚侀殕騫沖湪璇曢獙鐢板悜鏉ュ崕鍙傚姞鏉備氦姘寸ɑ鎶�鏈氦嫻佹椿鍔ㄧ殑鍚勫浗鏉ュ浠嬬粛鏉備氦姘寸ɑ銆傛柊鍗庣ぞ璁拌�?璧典紬蹇?鎽?/span>
2019騫存槬鑺傛湡闂翠笂鏄犵殑銆婃祦嫻湴鐞冦�嬶紝鍙ｇ涓庣エ鎴垮弻涓版敹銆傗�滈亣鍒板啀澶х殑鍗辨満閮借甯︾潃鍦扮悆銆佸甫鐫�瀹垛�濃�滀竴鐧句唬浜虹殑嫻佹氮鍦扮悆璁″垝錛屽瓙瀛愬瓩瀛欐寔緇笉鏂湴鎺ュ姏鈥濓紝瑙ｅ喅鏈潵涓栫晫縐戝鍛介錛屼腑鍥戒漢涓嶄絾鑳芥嫾鎼忥紝鏇存湁鐙壒鐨勬櫤鎱с�?/span>
銆�銆�鍒樻厛嬈ｅ彟涓�閮ㄥ皬璇淬�婁腑鍥藉お闃熾�嬶紝鍐欎簡鍐滄潙灝忎紮姘村▋涓嶆柇濂嬫枟錛屽�熷姪鈥滀腑鍥藉お闃斥�濆伐紼嬫垚涓烘繁絀哄畤瀹欏紑鎷撹�咃紝涓轟漢綾昏В鍐寵兘婧愰棶棰樼殑鏁呬簨錛屼笌銆婃祦嫻湴鐞冦�嬪紓鏇插悓宸ャ�?/span>
銆�銆�鐜板疄涓紝涓浗鐪熸湁涓�滀漢閫犲お闃斥�濋」鐩�傚洓宸濇垚閮斤紝涓牳闆嗗洟鏍稿伐涓氳タ鍗楃墿鐞嗙爺絀墮櫌鐨勫疄楠屽閲岋紝涓浗鐜祦鍣ㄤ簩鍙稟鑱氬彉瀹為獙瑁呯疆錛圚L-2A錛夋鍦ㄨ瘯楠屻�備笌澶槼鍙戠儹鍘熺悊鐩稿悓錛岃繖縐嶅彈鎺ф牳鑱氬彉瀹為獙瑁呯疆琚О涓衡�滀漢閫犲お闃斥�濓紝鏄漢綾誨鎵捐兘婧愬嚭璺殑甯屾湜銆?/span>
銆�銆�榪欏駭瀹為獙瑁呯疆鍐呯瓑紱誨瓙浣撶數(shù)瀛愭俯搴﹂珮杈?500涓囧害錛屾槸澶槼涓績娓╁害鐨勮繎涓夊�嶃�備粖騫村勾搴曞嵆灝嗗緩鎴愮殑涓浗鐜祦鍣ㄤ簩鍙稭瑁呯疆錛圚L-2M錛夛紝絳夌瀛愪綋娓╁害灝嗚秴榪?浜垮害銆?/span>
銆�銆�鈥滃鏋滃皢鏉ユ湁涓�鐩忕伅浼?xì)琚仛鍙樹箣鑳界偣浜Q屾湡鐩艱繖鐩忕伅鍦ㄤ腑鍥姐�傗�濆湪澶氳竟澶х瀛﹀浗闄呭悎浣滆鍒掍腑錛屼腑鍥芥涓哄拰騫沖埄鐢ㄦ牳鑳藉拰浜虹被鍙寔緇彂灞曡礎(chǔ)鐚櫤鎱с�?/span>
銆�銆�浠庡垰寮�濮嬪鏍歌兘涓�鏃犳墍鐭ワ紝鍒板嚟鍊熻嚜宸辯殑鍔涢噺鎴愬姛鐖嗙偢鍘熷瓙寮規(guī)阿寮癸紝鍐嶅埌鍜屽鉤鍒╃敤鏍歌兘榪涘叆涓栫晫鍓嶅垪錛岃繖涓繃紼嬫槸鏂頒腑鍥?0騫磋嚜鍔涙洿鐢熴�佽壈鑻﹀垱涓氥�佽繋闅捐�屼笂銆佷笉鏂繘姝ョ殑緙╁獎(jiǎng)銆?/span>
銆�銆�涓崕鏂囨槑鎮(zhèn)犱箙鑰岀伩鐑傦紝鍘嗗彶鐨勯暱娌充腑錛屼腑鍥戒漢姘戜緷闈犲嫟鍔充笌鏅烘収錛屼負(fù)涓栫晫璐＄尞浜嗚澶氱鎶�涓庢枃鍖栨垚鏋滐紝鍦ㄤ笉灝戦鍩熼暱鏈熷浜庨鍏堝湴浣嶃�傝繎浠ｄ互鏉ワ紝瑗挎柟宸ヤ笟闈╁懡鍜岃祫鏈富涔夊笣鍥芥墿寮狅紝甯︾粰涓浗涓�鐧懼騫寸殑鎬嗙棝銆備腑鍥藉叡浜у厷甯﹂涓浗浜烘皯錛屼緷闈犺嚜宸辯殑鍔涢噺錛岃壈鑻﹀鏂楋紝瀵繪眰姘戞棌澶嶅叴鐨勯亾璺�?/span>
銆�銆�1939騫?鏈?鏃ワ紝鍦ㄥ歡瀹夌敓浜у姩鍛樺ぇ浼?xì)涓婂Q屾瘺娉戒笢鍙峰彫澶у錛氣�滆嚜宸卞姩鎵嬨�佽嚜鍔涙洿鐢熴�佽壈鑻﹀鏂椼�佸厠鏈嶅洶闅鋸�濄�?941騫達(dá)紝闄曠敇瀹佽竟鍖烘墍鏈夐儴闃熴�佹満鍏沖拰瀛︽牎閮藉紑灞曚簡澶х敓浜ц繍鍔紝鏈夋晥鍏嬫湇浜嗕弗閲嶇殑鐗╄祫鍥伴毦錛屼繚闅滀簡鎶楁棩緇忚垂鐨勪緵緇欍�?943騫存槬澶╋紝姣涙辰涓滀負(fù)闄曠敇瀹佽竟鍖哄伐鍐滀笟鐢熶駭鎴愮嘩灞曡浼?xì)鍐欎笅浜嗏�滆嚜宸卞姩鎵嬶紝涓拌,。瓚抽鈥濄�?/span>
銆�銆�鐜嬮渿鐜囬鍏礬鍐涚涓変簲涔?jié)鏃呭悲鍨﹀崡鎯旀咕锛屼笁骞村紑鑽?6涓囦憨錛屾垚涓哄ぇ鐢熶駭榪愬姩鐨勪竴闈㈡棗甯溿�傞儴闃熷湪緙轟箯璧勯噾銆佸伐鍏風(fēng)殑鎯呭喌涓嬶紝浠庢梾闀跨帇闇囧埌宸ュ嫟浜哄憳銆侀殢鍐涘灞烇紝浜轟漢鍔ㄦ墜寮�鑽掔鍦幫紝浣垮崡娉ユ咕鍙樻垚鈥滈檿鍖楃殑濂芥睙鍗椻�濄�?/span>
銆�銆�1945騫?鏈堬紝姣涙辰涓滃湪銆婃姉鏃ユ垬浜夎儨鍒╁悗鐨勬椂灞�鍜屾垜浠殑鏂歸拡銆嬩腑璇達(dá)細(xì)鈥滄垜浠殑鏂歸拡瑕佹斁鍦ㄤ粈涔堝熀鐐逛笂錛熸斁鍦ㄨ嚜宸卞姏閲忕殑鍩虹偣涓婏紝鍙仛鑷姏鏇寸敓銆傗�?/span>
銆�銆�鏂頒腑鍥藉垰鎴愮珛鏃訛紝瑗挎柟鍥藉鏀挎不涓婃晫瑙嗭紝緇忔祹涓婂皝閿侊紝鏂囧寲涓婂绔嬶紝鍐涗簨涓婂▉鑳侊紝涓浗鍏變駭鍏氭帴鎵嬬殑鐑傛憡瀛愮粡嫻庤惂鏉°�佺櫨搴熷緟鍏淬�傚鍖葷枟鍗敓鏂歸潰錛屼紶鏌撶梾銆佸瘎鐢熻櫕鐤劇梾鑲嗚檺錛屽尰鐤楀崼鐢熶漢鍛樺皯錛岃嵂鍝佸尞涔忥紝鏃犳硶搴斿嫻佽鐤劇梾鍜岀柅鎯呫�?/span>
銆�銆�涓ュ郴鐨勫艦鍔垮拰鐜娌℃湁鍘嬪�掍腑鍥戒漢銆傚尰鑽鐮斾漢鍛樹粠闆跺紑濮嬶紝绔嬪織鐢熶駭鑷繁鐨勬姉鐢熺礌銆傚湪鍥藉唴瀵繪壘榪涘彛鍘熸枡鏇夸唬鍝侊紝鍦ㄧ敯閲庨噷瀵繪壘鏍弻錛屼竴閬嶉亶鍋氬疄楠岃幏鍙栨暟鎹�?/span>
銆�銆�1956騫達(dá)紝縐戠爺浜哄憳浠庡箍瑗挎鏋楃殑鍦熷￥涓垎紱誨嚭閾鵑湁鑿岋紝1965騫達(dá)紝鍦ㄦ睙瑗塊拱娼壘鍒頒簡鏀劇嚎鑿岋紝浠庤�岃幏寰椾簡鍏鋒湁鏄庢樉鎶楄偪鐦や綔鐢ㄧ殑鎶楃敓绱犮�傝繖涓ょ鏉ヤ箣涓嶆槗鐨勬姉鐢熺礌錛屽氨鍙�滆嚜鍔涢湁绱犫�濃�滄洿鐢熼湁绱犫�濓紝鑻辨枃鍚嶁�淶ilimycin鈥濃�淕engshengmycin鈥濄�?/span>
銆�銆�1958騫?鏈堬紝涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱鍏鍏ㄥ浗浠ｈ〃澶т細(xì)絎簩嬈′細(xì)璁湪鍖椾含鍙紑錛岀叅鐐伐涓氶儴鍓儴闀挎矆楦垮啓淇＄粰姣涙辰涓滐紝寤鴻鍦ㄤ笂嫻峰埗閫犱竴鍙頒竾鍚ㄦ按鍘嬫満銆傛瘺娉戒笢闂笂嫻峰競濮旇礋璐ｄ漢錛氫笂嫻瘋兘涓嶈兘騫詫紵鎰夸笉鎰垮共錛?/span>
銆�銆�騫詫紒涓嶅共錛屾案榪滀細(xì)琚�滃崱鑴栧瓙鈥濄�備笂嫻瘋繀閫熺粍緇囦漢鍛樺姏閲忓紑濮嬩簡鈥滄攢鐧葷彔宄扳�濆紡鐨勬妧鏈敾鍏熾�?/span>
銆�銆�姘村帇鏈烘湁鍥涙牴澶х珛鏌憋紝姣忔牴闀?8綾籌紝綺?綾籌紝閲?0鍚紝鍥藉唴鎵�鏈夋妧鏈兘鐒婃帴涓嶄簡榪欎釜搴炵劧澶х墿銆傚伐紼嬪笀閭圭Н閾庝簡瑙ｅ埌鍥藉鏈変竴縐嶆柊鎶�鏈�滅數(shù)娓ｇ剨鈥濆彲浠ヨВ鍐寵繖涓棶棰橈紝渚垮悜澶栧浗涓撳璇鋒暀銆傚鏂瑰洖絳旓紝鈥滅數(shù)娓ｇ剨鏄皷绔妧鏈紝浣犱滑瀛︿笉浼?xì)銆傗�濅腑鍥芥妧鏈漢鍛樼粡榪囧崈鐧炬璇曢獙錛屾渶緇堣嚜宸辨帉鎻′簡榪欓棬鎶�鏈�?962騫?鏈?2鏃ワ紝鎴戝浗鑷璁捐鍒墮�犵殑涓�涓囦簩鍗冨惃鑷敱閿婚�犳按鍘嬫満寤烘垚騫舵寮忔姇浜с�?/span>
銆�銆�1978騫?2鏈?8鏃ワ紝涓浗榪庢潵鏀歸潻寮�鏀劇殑鈥滄槬澶┾�濓紝鍗佷竴灞婁笁涓叏浼?xì)鍦ㄤ含瑗垮N絎竴浼?xì)璁鍙紑銆?0澶氬勾鏉ワ紝榪欓噷渚濈劧淇濈暀鐫�褰撴椂鐨勬ā鏍鳳紝澧欎笂鎸傜潃鈥滆嚜鍔涙洿鐢熴�佽壈鑻﹀鏂椻�濆叓涓瓧鐨勪功娉曚綔鍝併�傛敼闈╁紑鏀捐嚦浠婏紝鎴戝浗緇忔祹縐戞妧絳夊悇鏂歸潰榪涙錛屾棤涓�涓嶆槸鍦ㄨ嚜鍔涙洿鐢熷熀紜�涓婏紝涓昏渚濋潬鑷繁鍔涢噺鑰屽彇寰楃殑銆?/span>
銆�銆�浠庘�滃敜璧峰伐鍐滃崈鐧句竾銆佸悓蹇冨共鈥濓紝鍒扳�滀笉騫詫紝鍗婄偣椹厠鎬濅富涔変篃娌℃湁鈥濓紝鍐嶅埌鈥滅ぞ浼?xì)涓讳箟鏄q插嚭鏉ョ殑錛屾柊鏃朵唬涔熸槸騫插嚭鏉ョ殑鈥濓紝涓浗鐢ㄥ嚑鍗佸勾鏃墮棿璧板畬浜嗗彂杈懼浗瀹跺嚑鐧懼勾璧拌繃鐨勫伐涓氬寲鍘嗙▼錛屸�滃墠鎵�鏈湁鍦拌蛋榪戜笘鐣岃垶鍙頒腑澶�濄�?/span>
銆�銆�鍏氱殑鍗佸叓澶т箣鍚庯紝涔?fàn)杩戲q蟲�諱功璁扮涓�嬈″鍑鴻�冨療銆佽皟鐮旓紝灝卞埌浜嗗箍涓滆繖涓敼闈╁紑鏀句腑寮�椋庢皵涔嬪厛鐨勫湴鏂廣�傚湪鐜板満錛屼粬鍥為【鏀歸潻寮�鏀懼巻紼嬶紝榧撳姳澶у緇х畫鍓嶈繘錛岀墷璁扳�滅┖璋堣鍥斤紝瀹炲共鍏撮偊鈥濓紝鍏ㄩ潰寤烘垚灝忓悍紺句細(xì)瑕侀潬瀹炲共錛屽熀鏈疄鐜扮幇浠ｅ寲瑕侀潬瀹炲共錛屽疄鐜頒腑鍗庢皯鏃忎紵澶у鍏磋闈犲疄騫層�?/span>
銆�銆�鈥滃＋铏芥湁瀛︼紝鑰岃涓烘湰鐒夆�濓紝涓崕浼犵粺鏂囧寲鍘嗘潵宕囧皻瀹炲共銆備粠瀹炲共涓幏寰楃殑緇忛獙鍜屾櫤鎱э紝涓嶄粎璁╀腑鍥戒漢姘戝彈鐩婏紝涔熺粰鍏朵粬鍥藉鎻愪緵浜嗗�熼壌銆?/span>
銆�銆�2017騫?鏈堬紝鍖椾含澶栧浗璇ぇ瀛︿笣緇鎬箣璺爺絀墮櫌璋冪爺錛屽叧浜庘�滄渶甯屾湜鎶婁腑鍥藉摢縐嶇敓媧繪柟寮忓甫鍥炴墍鍦ㄥ浗瀹垛�濓紝鏉ヨ嚜鈥滀竴甯︿竴璺�濇部綰?0涓浗瀹剁殑闈掑勾鐣欏鐢熸姇紲ㄩ�夊嚭浜嗛珮閾併�佺Щ鍔ㄦ敮浠樸�佸叡浜崟杞﹀拰緗戣喘錛屽皢鍏剁О涓轟腑鍥解�滄柊鍥涘ぇ鍙戞槑鈥濄�?/span>
銆�銆�浠婂勾8鏈?鏃ワ紝鏄腑鍥藉伐紼嬮櫌闄㈠＋銆佲�滄潅浜ゆ按紼諱箣鐖垛�濊闅嗗鉤90宀佺敓鏃ワ紝鐢熸棩铔嬬硶涓婃湁涓�鎶婇噾榛勭殑紼葷銆傞矏鑳屼箣騫寸殑浠栵紝渚濈劧淇濇寔鐫�姣忓ぉ鍒板啘鐢拌瀵熸按紼誨煿鑲叉儏鍐電殑涔?fàn)鎯�?/span>
銆�銆�琚侀殕騫?953騫存瘯涓氫簬瑗垮崡鍐滃闄紝鍒嗛厤鍒版箹鍗楀畨姹熷啘鏍′換鏁欍�傜洰鐫逛簡楗ヨ崚緇欎漢姘戝甫鏉ョ殑鐥涜嫤錛屼粬鍐沖畾灝藉揩鍩硅偛鍑烘按紼繪柊鍝佺錛岃綺澶у箙澧炰駭錛岀敤鍐滀笟縐戝鎶�鏈垬鑳滈ゥ楗褲�?/span>
銆�銆�浠庡叚鍗佸勾浠ｅ垵璧鳳紝琚侀殕騫沖嚑鍗佸勾鍦ㄧ敯闂村湴澶達(dá)紝澶撮《鐑堟棩銆佽剼韙╃儌娉ワ紝椹艱儗寮叞榪涜縐戠爺錛屽湪鏃犺鍏舵暟鐨勬按紼繪鏍腑瀵繪壘鏍鋒湰錛屾棩澶嶄竴鏃ヨ瀵熷垎鏋愶紝騫村涓�騫磋偛縐嶈瘯楠岋紝椋庨洦鏃犻樆錛岀敋鑷沖湪鍦伴渿鏃朵篃涓嶇寮�浠栧畧鎶ょ殑璇曢獙鐢般�傞潬鐫�鑷姏鏇寸敓銆侀〗寮烘墽鐫�鍜屽ぇ鑳嗚鎯熾�佽鐪熸眰璇侊紝鍙栧緱浜嗕竴涓張涓�涓緣鐓屾垚鏋滐紝鐢ㄤ竴綺掔瀛愰�犵涓浗銆佹敼鍙樹笘鐣屻�?/span>
銆�銆�鎴嚦2017騫達(dá)紝鏉備氦姘寸ɑ鍦ㄦ垜鍥藉凡绱鎺ㄥ箍瓚?0浜夸憨錛屽叡澧炰駭紼昏胺6000澶氫嚎鍏枻銆傝闅嗗鉤榪樺嬈′負(fù)鍗板害銆佽秺鍗楋紝浠ュ強(qiáng)闈炴床澶氫釜鍥藉浼犳巿鏉備氦姘寸ɑ鎶�鏈紝甯姪浠栦滑鍏嬫湇綺鐭己鍜岄ゥ楗塊棶棰樸�?/span>
銆�銆�鑰愮洂紕辨按紼伙紝淇楃О鈥滄搗姘寸ɑ鈥濓紝涓浗浠?986騫村紑濮嬪煿鑲層�?016騫達(dá)紝琚侀殕騫沖甫棰嗛潚宀涙搗姘寸ɑ鐮斿彂涓績鐨勭鐮斾漢鍛橈紝鍦ㄥ崟浣嶄駭閲忎笂鍙栧緱浜嗚緝澶х獊鐮達(dá)紝騫跺湪鏂扮枂銆佸北涓溿�佹禉姹熴�侀粦榫欐睙銆侀檿瑗跨瓑浜斿ぇ綾誨瀷鐩愮⒈鍦板尯鍩熻繘琛岀患鍚堟敼鑹祴璇曪紝鎬葷ず鑼冮潰縐凡榪戜竾浜┿�?/span>
銆�銆�琚侀殕騫寵錛屾垜鍥藉崄鍑犱嚎浜╃殑鐩愮⒈鍦幫紝鍩烘湰涓婃槸涓嶆瘺涔嬪湴銆傚叾涓湁姘存簮鐨勩�佸彲浠ョ涓婃按紼葷殑鏈変竴浜垮浜┿�傛垜浠鍒掕姳鍏勾鐨勬椂闂達(dá)紝縐嶄笂涓�浜夸憨鐨勬搗姘寸ɑ錛屾瘡浜╂寜鏈�浣庝駭閲?00鍏枻綆楋紝涓�浜夸憨姣忓勾鍙互澧炰駭綺300浜垮叕鏂わ紝澶氬吇媧誨叓鍗冧竾鍒頒竴浜夸漢鍙ｃ�?/span>
銆�銆�2018騫達(dá)紝琚侀殕騫崇殑鍥㈤槦鍦ㄩ樋鑱旈厠榪嫓婊ㄦ搗娌欐紶鍦板尯鐨勬搗姘寸ɑ縐嶆鑾峰緱鎴愬姛銆傚綋鍦板獟浣撶О錛屽簲鍦ㄤ腑涓滃湴鍖哄鍒訛紝鍑忓皯榪欎簺鍥藉鐨勭伯椋熻繘鍙ｏ紝寮哄寲綺瀹夊叏銆傗�滃挨鍏跺�煎緱縐伴亾鐨勬槸錛屼腑鍥芥叿鎱ㄥ湴鏂戒互鎻存墜錛屾槸璐熻矗浠誨ぇ鍥界殑綺劇鍜屼腑鍥芥櫤鎱х殑鐢熷姩浣撶幇銆傗�?/span>
銆�銆�鑷姏鏇寸敓鏄腑鍗庢皯鏃忚嚜绔嬩簬涓栫晫姘戞棌涔嬫灄鐨勫鏂楀熀鐐廣�傚嫟鍔崇殑涓浗浜烘皯鎷ユ湁鏃犻檺鍒涙柊鍒涢�犳綔鍔涳紝涓浗鏅烘収鏉ヨ嚜浜庤嚜鍔涙洿鐢燂紝鏄洿楂樺鐣岀殑鑷姏鏇寸敓銆?/span>
銆�銆�70騫達(dá)紝鑷姏鏇寸敓銆佸垱鏂板垱閫犺涓浗浜烘皯鍗沖皢榪堝叆鍏ㄩ潰灝忓悍銆傚疄鐜頒腑鍗庢皯鏃忎紵澶у鍏達(dá)紝渚濈劧瑕侀潬涓浗鍏變駭鍏氬甫棰嗕腑鍥戒漢姘戜笉鎳堝姫鍔涳紝渚濈劧瑕侀潬涓浗浜虹殑鍕ゅ姵鏅烘収銆傦紙璁拌�?姣涚繑錛?/span>